ABSTRACT
Background: The urgent need for evidence on measures to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a rapid escalation in numbers of studies testing potential therapeutic options. The vast amount of data generated by these studies must be interpreted quickly so that physicians have the information to make optimal treatment decisions and manufacturers can scale-up production and bolster supply chains. Moreover, obtaining a quick answer to the question of whether or not a particular intervention is effective can help investigators involved in the many ongoing clinical trials to change focus and pivot to more promising alternatives. It is crucial for healthcare workers to have access to the most up-to-date research evidence to inform their treatment decisions. To address this evidence gap, we compiled the following database of evidence on potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. We hope this information will help investigators, policy makers, and prescribers navigate the flood of relevant data to ensure that management of COVID19, at both individual and population levels, is based on the best available knowledge. We will endeavor to continually update this resource as more research is released into the public space. Summary of evidence: Tables 1 and 2, which divide the total group of identified studies into randomized (Table 1) and non-randomized (Table 2) designs, indicate the primary outcome measures used for each investigation and the level of certainty. Table 3 summarizes the status of evidence for the 193 potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 for which studies were identified through our systematic review.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , COVID-19/drug therapy , COVID-19/therapy , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
This is the thirteenth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 58 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, pregnant women, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/immunologyABSTRACT
This is the twelfth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 58 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, expectant mothers, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/immunologyABSTRACT
This is the twelfth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 58 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, expectant mothers, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/immunologyABSTRACT
As of 31 October 2020 This is the tenth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of a rapid systematic review of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 46 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, expectant mothers, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
As of 31 October 2020 This is the tenth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of a rapid systematic review of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 46 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, expectant mothers, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
As of 31 October 2020 This is the tenth edition of this summary of rapid systematic reviews, which includes the results of a rapid systematic review of currently available literature. More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review, 46 therapeutic options are examined. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is continually monitoring ongoing research on any possible therapeutic options. As evidence emerges, then PAHO will immediately assess and update its position, and particularly as it applies to any special sub-group populations such as children, expectant mothers, those with immune conditions, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
More than 200 therapeutic options or their combinations are being investigated in more than 1,700 clinical trials. In this review we examined 30 therapeutic options. Findings from the RECOVERY Trial showed that low doses of dexamethasone (6 mg of oral or intravenous preparation once daily for 10 days) significantly reduced mortality by one-third in ventilated patients and by one fifth in patients receiving oxygen only. The anticipated RECOVERY. Trial findings and WHO's SOLIDARITY Trial findings both show no benefit via use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir in terms of reducing 28-day mortality or reduced time to clinical improvement or reduced adverse events. Currently, there is no evidence of benefit in critical outcomes (i.e. reduction in mortality) from any therapeutic option (though remdesivir is revealing promise as one option based on 2 randomized controlled trials) and that conclusively allows for safe and effective use to mitigate or eliminate the causative agent of COVID-19. Currently, as to ivermectin, we found 1 in vitro study and 4 observational studies that were largely confounded (nonrandomized), and lacked the methodological rigor to allow much confidence in the results. They were pre-print and non-peer reviewed and were judged to be of high risk of bias and very low quality of evidence. The researchers concluded in large part that the findings could be considered hypothesis testing and urged the conduct of large sample sized RCTs to assess any clinical benefit. Currently, as to favipiravir, we found 1 RCT and 2 observational studies. The results were inconclusive for benefits of favipiravir, and sample sizes were small and results came via largely preprints and non-peer reviewed publications. The 2 nonrandomized observational designs revealed sub-optimal methods with no optimal adjustments, masking, or stratification. A recent release by Glenmark announced promising results from a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of favipiravir in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. A Phase 3 RCT demonstrates statistically significant faster time to clinical improvement with favipiravir treatment compared to control (n=150 patients).
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A elaboração desta ferramenta faz parte do apoio às operações de resposta à pandemia. Baseia-se nos modelos implementados por diferentes instituições de saúde em vários países do mundo, com diferentes graus de complexidade. Instituições e especialistas em telemedicina e no uso de tecnologia da informação na área da saúde pública da Região das Américas e da Espanha colaboraram em seu desenvolvimento. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida com o entendimento de que existe uma intenção institucional de implementar serviços de telemedicina imediatamente. Porém, também será útil para instituições que já contam com programas de telemedicina e desejam fazer uma autoavaliação para redefinir as suas prioridades diante da pandemia. A ferramenta traz uma série de perguntas organizadas nas seis categorias.
La elaboración de esta herramienta forma parte del apoyo a las operaciones de respuesta a la pandemia. Se basa en los modelos que distintas instituciones de salud con diferente grado de complejidad han implementado en varios países del mundo. En su desarrollo han colaborado instituciones y expertos de la Región de las Américas y de España especializados en telemedicina y en el uso de tecnologías de la información en la esfera de la salud pública. La herramienta se ha desarrollado en el entendido de que existe la intención institucional de implementar de forma inmediata servicios de telemedicina. Pero también resultará útil a las instituciones que ya cuenten con programas de telemedicina en funcionamiento y que deseen autoevaluarse para redefinir prioridades frente a la pandemia. La herramienta consta de una serie de preguntas organizadas en las seis categorías.
This tool forms part of the support for pandemic response operations. Its design is based on the models that have been implemented by different health institutions with different levels of complexity in several countries. The tool was developed collaboratively with institutions and experts specialized in telemedicine and in the use of information technology (IT) in public health, from the Region of the Americas and. The tool has been developed with the understanding that there is an institutional commitment to immediately implement telemedicine services. However, it will also be useful to institutions that already have telemedicine programs up and running, which want to perform a self-assessment to redefine their priorities in light of the pandemic. The tool comprises a series of questions, organized into the six categories.
La mise au point de cet outil s'inscrit dans le cadre du soutien aux opérations d'intervention en cas de pandémie. Il repose sur les modèles que différents établissements de santé avec des degrés de complexité variables ont mis en Åuvre dans plusieurs pays à travers le monde. Des institutions et des experts de la Région des Amériques et d'Espagne spécialisés dans la télémédecine et l'utilisation des technologies de l'information dans le domaine de la santé publique ont collaboré au développement du présent outil (voir annexe). L'existence d'une intention institutionnelle de mettre immédiatement en Åuvre des services de télémédecine est un préalable au développement de cet outil. Néanmoins, ce dernier sera également utile pour les institutions qui ont déjà mis en place des programmes de télémédecine et qui souhaitent réaliser une auto-évaluation de manière à redéfinir leurs priorités face à la pandémie. L'outil comprend une série de questions organisées selon les six catégories.
Subject(s)
Medical Informatics/organization & administration , Telemedicine/classification , Telemedicine/methods , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Planning/methods , Information Technology Management , Americas , Health Facility Administration , PandemicsABSTRACT
This is the fourteenth edition of this database of evidence on potential therapeutic options for COVID-19, in which 68 therapeutic options are examined. This information will help investigators, policy makers, and prescribers navigate the flood of relevant data to ensure that management of COVID-19, at both individual and population levels, is based on the best available knowledge. This resource will be continually updated as more research is released into the public space.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/immunologyABSTRACT
Change management and project management are complementary disciplines, both with the aim of ensuring organizational success through improvements. Change management; however, focuses on helping employees to manage the disruption they experience during a change, while project management focuses on ensuring that a project is completed on time, and on budget.
La gestión del cambio y la gestión de proyectos son disciplinas complementarias cuyo objetivo común es asegurar el éxito de la organización mediante mejoras. La diferencia radica en que la gestión del cambio se concentra en ayudar a los empleados a manejar la perturbación que han de experimentar durante un cambio, mientras que la gestión de proyectos se centra en asegurar que un proyecto se termine dentro del plazo y el presupuesto previstos
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Information technology readiness assessments help to prepare organizations for technological change. The assessment investigates the physical and technical environment of an organization and helps to identify any gaps prior to implementation
Las evaluaciones de la preparación tecnológica en el campo de la información ayudan a preparar a las organizaciones para el cambio tecnológico. En la evaluación se investiga el entorno físico y técnico de una organización y se ayuda a identificar deficiencias antes de la implementación.
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
An information architecture is a blueprint of how information is stored, organized, and used in an organization by its systems and users. Information architecture allows organizations to capture the structure of its information, and how systems and users produce and interact with this information throughout their workflows and processes
La arquitectura de la información es un plan detallado sobre la manera en que se almacena, organiza y utiliza la información en una organización por parte de sus sistemas y usuarios. La arquitectura de la información permite a lasorganizaciones captar la estructura de su información, y entender cómo los sistemas y los usuarios producen esta información e interactúan con ella en todos sus flujos de trabajo y sus procesos
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Data governance is a set of practices for making decisions about data and for managing data throughout its lifecycle to optimize the organization's capability to use data to generate information that informs policy, strategy, and operational management.
La gobernanza de datos es un conjunto de prácticas para tomar decisiones acerca de los datos y gestionarlos durante todo su ciclo de vida, con el objeto de optimizar la capacidad de la organización para utilizar datos que generen información de calidad a fin de fundamentar políticas, estrategias y gestión operativa.
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Interoperability is the ability of different information technology systems, software applications, and networks to communicate, to exchange data accurately, effectively and consistently and to use the information that has been exchanged. In the health ecosystem, interoperability enables health information systems to transcend organizational boundaries and promote effective healthcare delivery by providing the right information to care providers needed to understand and address the health of individuals and populations. Systems, such as electronic health records play a vital role in this by providing a secure integrated collection of a persons encounters with the health care system.
La interoperabilidad es la capacidad de diferentes sistemas de tecnología de la información, aplicaciones de software y redes para comunicar e intercambiar datos con exactitud, efectividad y consistencia, y para utilizar la información que se ha intercambiado.
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Birth defects contribute substantially to the burden of morbidity and mortality in the Region of the Americas. Numerous efforts exist to raise awareness of this problem and to implement surveillance in health and government sectors. However, there is still a long way to go. In this regard, for several years, countries have been taking actions to coordinate efforts, while strengthening and establishing strategic alliances to achieve significant results. The extensive history of efforts aimed at responding to the situation of birth defects in the Region includes actions in health care, epidemiology, legislation, and investigation, with participation from the scientific and technical community, government, and civil society. After taking into account all these aspects, the Pan American Health Organization/Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women, and Reproductive Health (PAHO/CLAP/WR), together with the World Bank, decided to create a document summarizing the regional situation of birth defects from an epidemiological and programmatic perspective, to analyze the challenges and offer countries guidance to address birth defects, their determinants, and consequences, with the ultimate goal of helping to "leave no one behind."
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities , Americas , Records , Caribbean Region , Epidemiological MonitoringABSTRACT
IS4H maturity model sssesment tool data management and Information Technologies.
Herramienta de evaluación del modelo de madurez de IS4H: gestión y gobernanza
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
All technical data sets created, received or maintained by MOH staff members in all MOH offices and units within the framework of official activities and work, regardless of physical format, are the property of the institution and not of the individual or unit that collects or produces them. They are vital for the efficiency and effectiveness of MOH's current and future operations, for ensuring a better health analysis and forecasting, and for the implementation of evidence-based policies and decisions.
Todos los conjuntos de datos técnicos que crean, reciben o mantienen funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud en todas las oficinas y unidades en el marco de las actividades y labores oficiales, independientemente de su formato físico, son propiedad de la institución y no de la persona o unidad que los recopila o los produce. Son vitales para asegurar la eficiencia y la eficacia de las operaciones actuales y futuras del Ministerio de Salud, garantizar un mejor análisis y proyección de salud, y aplicar políticas y decisiones basadas en datos probatorios.
Subject(s)
Health Information Management/organization & administration , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Data Management refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, privacy, and security of the technical health data managed by the Institution
La gestión de datos se refiere al manejo general de la disponibilidad, facilidad de uso, integridad, privacidad y seguridad de los datos de salud técnicos que maneja la institución.